Basics

Creating a Repository

To create a new Git repository, navigate to the project directory and run the following command:

git init

This command initializes a new Git repository in the current directory.

Cloning a Repository

To clone an existing Git repository, use the following command:

git clone <repository-url>

Replace <repository-url> with the URL of the repository you want to clone.

Checking the Status

To check the status of your repository, use the following command:

git status

This command shows you the current status of your repository, including any changes that need to be committed or staged.

Staging Changes

To stage changes for a commit, use the following command:

git add <file-name>

To stage all changes, use the following command:

git add .

Unstaging Changes

To unstage changes, use the following command:

git restore --staged <file>

To unstage all changes, use the following command:

git reset HEAD .

Discarding Changes

To discard changes in your working directory, use the following command:

git restore <file>

Viewing Changes

To view the changes that have been staged, use the following command:

git diff --staged

To view the changes that have not been staged, use the following command:

git diff

Committing Changes

To commit staged changes, use the following command:

git commit -m "commit message"

Replace "commit message" with a brief description of the changes you are committing.

Viewing Commit History

To view the commit history, use the following command:

git log

To view a summarized version of the commit history, use the following command:

git log --oneline

Ignoring Files

To ignore files in your repository, create a file named .gitignore in the root directory of your project and add the names of the files or directories you want to ignore. For example:

# Ignore .DS_Store files
.DS_Store

# Ignore log files
*.log

# Ignore node_modules directory
node_modules/

This file tells Git which files or directories to ignore when tracking changes.