Files & Directories
Basic Commands for Navigation
- pwd: Show your current directory.
pwd
- cd [directory]: Change directory.
cd /var/www/html
cd .. # Move up one directory
cd # Go back to home directory
- ls [options] [directory]: List contents.
ls -l
ls -a /etc
ls -lh /home/user/
Managing Files and Directories
- Create or update a file.
touch newfile.txt
- Make a directory.
mkdir new_folder
- Copy files or directories.
cp source.txt destination.txt
cp -r source_directory new_directory
- Move or rename.
mv oldname.txt newname.txt
mv file.txt /home/user/
- Remove files or directories.
rm unwanted_file.txt
rm -r old_directory
Working with Links
- Create a hard link.
ln original.txt hardlink.txt
- Create a symbolic link.
ln -s /path/to/original.txt symlink.txt
Advanced Navigation Techniques
- find [directory] [criteria]: Find files or directories.
find /home/user/ -name "*.txt"
- grep [options] [pattern] [files]: Search inside files.
grep "search term" file.txt
grep -ri "search term" /home/user/
Quick Tips Example Commands
- Navigating efficiently: Switch back to the last directory.
cd -
- Autocompletion: Start typing and press Tab to autocomplete.
- Wildcards: List all
.txt
files
ls *.txt